GLI1 and central nervous system cancer: Multi-target explorations in gliomas are more representative: ATRX knockdown sensitizes temozolomide, NOTCH1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis, PCM1 deletion inhibits proliferation, and GLI1 knockdown in combination with pentafluoroalcohol induces apoptosis (Yuan et al., 2022; Wan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2016; Han et al., 2024), systematically mapping the panorama of therapeutic resistance in gliomas.