SIRT1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, SIRT1, known for its role in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis, was identified as another key player, reinforcing its involvement in obesity progression (Majeed et al., 2021) and its reduced expression in the myocardium of diabetic patients (Du et al., 2024), further emphasizing its connection to diabesity.