CD3D and epilepsy: In GSE32534, CD3D (AUC = 0.880, 95% CI = 0.658–1.000), CD3G (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI = 0.517–1.000), CTSW (AUC = 0.920, 95% CI = 0.736−1.000), and JCHAIN (AUC = 0.880, 95% CI = 0.634–1.000) all had an AUC value higher than 0.80, further indicating that the diagnostic model could effectively differentiate epilepsy patients (Figure 3D).