- Enhancement of angiogenesis through the production of MMP9, prokineticin 2 and VEGF- Induction of cancer cell migration to endothelial cells, metastasis- Inhibition of T-cell function through production of arginase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TGF-β and IL-10- Production of indole amine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which suppresses immune response and induces Treg production. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.