These pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance cancer cell survival and proliferation through activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways, while neutrophil-derived factors promote angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway activation (8, 9). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and cancer.