AFP and neoplasm: According to the univariate Cox regression in the training cohort, sex (P<0.001), BCLC stage (P=0.016), CPS (P=0.002), preoperative ascites (P<0.001), preoperative INR (P=0.003), preoperative ALB (P=0.009), preoperative AFP (P<0.001), estimated hepatectomy extent (P<0.001), tumor size (P<0.001), and TBS (P<0.001) may be risk factors, as shown in Table 2.