TNF and Sepsis: Among them, TNF-α and IL-6 are the most important inflammatory factors in the early stage of sepsis: TNF-α causes neutrophil infiltration, brain tissue edema, and BBB dysfunction, and IL-6 indirectly mediates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by affecting the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and prostaglandin synthesis.