MFN1 and Insulin resistance: Mfn1 and Mfn2 facilitate the fusion of the outer membrane, while Opa1 regulates the fusion of the inner membrane.[63] Research indicates that DRG neurons exposed to high glucose (HG) levels exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, fragmentation, increased Drp1 expression, and oxidative stress.[64] Furthermore, hyperglycemia can stimulate the formation of Drp1/Bax complexes, thereby mediating apoptotic processes.[65] Notably, significant alterations in mitochondrial dynamics have been observed in patients with T2DM, contributing to insulin resistance.