Emerging evidence in the field of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) research indicate that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived Exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) may improve alveolarization deficits by regulating autophagy in alveolar type II epithelial cells.[27,28] Mechanistically, hUC-MSC-Exos activate the Wnt5a/ROCK1 signaling axis, which enhances lamellar body biogenesis and pulmonary surfactant synthesis. Here, ROCK1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.