Researches have confirmed the involvement of the classical TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the BMP/Smad signaling pathway in the pathogenesis or therapeutic processes of the ocular diseases, encompassing corneal fibrosis, glaucoma, AMD, amongst others [56, 58, 59, 91–93, 103, 123, 124, 143]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.