Some recent studies on the Warburg effect have shown that NADH regeneration from GAPDH by lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed NAD + promotes glycolysis because the increased ratio of NADH to NAD + inhibits GAPDH [37], and p53 has been found to inhibit the onset of this process in a breast cancer model [38]. This evidence concerns the gene GAPDH and breast carcinoma.