Atezolizumab, as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, enhances the immune system's attack on tumors mainly by targeting PD-L1, blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1, disarming the immune escape mechanism of tumor cells, as well as enhancing the activity of T cells and promoting the clearance of metabolites (e.g., lactic acid), thus improving the acidic conditions of the TME and indirectly affecting metabolic pathways [492]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.