Thus far, our data suggest that at least some RUES2-derived, PNEC-like cells in which expression of two tumor suppressor genes, RB1 and TP53, is restricted, RP cells, can be transformed into aggressive, metastatic cells by the addition of transgenes encoding WT or mutant MYC protein (hereafter referred to as ‘RPM’ or ‘RPM (T58A)’ cells). Here, RB1 is linked to neoplasm.