Another previous study indicated that nanovesicles loaded with an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor 1 (LY2157299) alleviated tumor fibrosis through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and promoted the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumor tissues to prevent immune evasion, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC and pancreatic cancer (Zhou M. et al., 2023). Here, TGFB1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.