There was virtually no CRT signal present in the PBS and PEDNV + MMP-2 groups, while the EEDNV + MMP-2 groups significantly enhanced CRT expression on the surface of the tumor cells (Supplementary Figure S6), suggesting that enzyme-sensitive nanovesicles can trigger apoptosis and promote CRT exposure on the membranes of 4T1 cells. Here, CALR is linked to neoplasm.