We next quantified mRNA levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, and Fibronectin in pancreatic tissue, as a key response to chronic pancreatic damage, which also plays a significant role in the progression of pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes (Li X. et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.