MTOR and cancer: Glutaminolysis also functions as a crucial anaplerotic pathway, sustaining both glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes in cancer cells while maintaining redox balance and driving resistance to targeted therapies, as observed in HER2-positive cancers with reactivated mTOR signaling following lapatinib treatment (Deblois et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2017).