AR and neoplasm: Prostate cancer research further highlights multi-omics integration: single-cell analyses identified EpCAM-negative circulating tumor cells with unique androgen receptor (AR)-driven biology (Lambros et al., 2018), while spatial approaches revealed KLK3-mediated micrometastatic niches (Heidegger et al., 2022) and CXCL12-driven angiogenesis through combined scRNA-seq and functional assays.