Since scRNA-seq data showed senescence-associated and SASP-associated cytokine/chemokine gene expression in prostate stromal cells, we hypothesized that granzyme K secreted by Taa may modulate senescence-associated gene expression in fibroblasts and stimulate BPH fibroblasts to produce SASP-associated cytokines/chemokines. Here, GZMK is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.