Pan-cancer analysis revealed OSR1 underexpression in the majority of tumor types, including bladder urothelial carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, colon cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma, while overexpression was noted in select cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma (Figure 2A). Here, OSR1 is linked to squamous cell lung carcinoma.