Figure 8b shows a statistically significant difference in VM scores between the two groups. Figures 8c–e illustrates the prototypical architecture of vasculogenic mimicry, in which short columnar tumor cells coalesce via intercellular adhesion (green fluorescence) to form tubular-like structures. The lumens lacked endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and E-cadherin in the two groups revealed that the samples with higher VM scores exhibited a correspondingly greater degree of vasculogenic mimicry within tumor tissues (Figure 8f). Here, PECAM1 is linked to neoplasm.