IL6 and infection: Upon infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) detect viral components, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that stimulate the production of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Carty et al., 2021).