GCG and heart failure: Since 2015, large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure hospitalization in patients with T2DM and established cardiovascular disease or high-risk profiles.