Previous studies have shown that IL-18 can suppress the growth and spread of BC, suppress angiogenesis, and induce tumor cell apoptosis.36,37 IL-18-secreting chimeric antigen receptor T cells have been shown to increase CAR-T-cell proliferation and antitumor activity.38 Additionally, IL-18 synergizes with IL-12 to increase NK cell activity and induce tumor cell apoptosis.36 In this study, pCR patients presented increased serum IL-18 levels before and after treatment, and IL-18 expression was unaffected by NAT. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and neoplasm.