HMGB1 and colitis: Subsequently, colitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and intervened with dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), and the effects of HMGB1 on colonic inflammation, ferroptosis, and intestinal barrier were assessed by histopathological scoring, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), WB assay, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination.