CDH1 and cancer: The characterization included immunohistochemical profiling of key subtype markers (ERα, PR, ErbB2, and Ki-67), assessment of migratory behavior through wound healing and transwell assays, and evaluation of cancer-related gene expression (EGFR, TP53, Bcl-2, PTEN, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and SNAIL) using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).