In April 2013, GWAS were conducted among 1509 children with severe obesity and 5380 controls; evaluating 29 SNPs (p < 1 × 10−5) in another 971 children with severe obesity and 1990 controls revealed nine SNPs associated with severe obesity, and five SNPs in the genes RPL31P12, PRKCH, LEPR, PACS1, and NEDD1 were novel [119]. This evidence concerns the gene RPL31P12 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.