HMGB1 and neoplasm: Notably, although hyperactivation of the HMGB1/NLRP3 axis often plays a detrimental role in humans, Gao and Huang (2024) observed that is oflurane treatment in lung cancer cells activated HMGB1 and RAGE, upregulated NLRP3 expression, and promoted pyroptosis in tumor cells without affecting the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells.