Experiments have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects achieved by inhibiting HMGB1 binding to TLR4 and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can ameliorate colonic mucosal barrier disruption and neutrophil recruitment in ulcerative colitis (Chen et al., 2023b; Sun et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and ulcerative colitis.