Notably, the HMGB1/NLRP3 axis is also implicated in cognitive dysfunction associated with sepsis (Xiong et al., 2022; Ma et al., 2024), diabetes (Liu et al., 2022b), and Alzheimer’s disease (Elariny et al., 2024). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.