A case-control study investigating the correlation between NLRP3 expression and HMGB1 levels in the serum of children with febrile epilepsy revealed that serum levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in children with epilepsy compared to controls (Ye et al., 2024). Here, HMGB1 is linked to epilepsy.