Second, combined application of mitochondrial inhibitors with glycolysis blockers could help overcome monotherapy resistance caused by “metabolic compensation.” Additionally, combining ELK4 targeting with TME feature-based prognostic models, along with co-administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors and metabolic modulators, could effectively counteract immunosuppression, overcome immune evasion, and enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Here, ELK4 is linked to neoplasm.