CCL2 and arthritic joint disease: Compared to Scramble BMSC-exosomes, JKAP-knockdown BMSC-exosomes increased the arthritis index (p < 0.01) (Figure 6A), reduced JKAP expression (p < 0.05) (Figures 6B and 6C), increased synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration (Figure 6D), and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid, including IL-6 (p < 0.05) (Figure 6E), IL-8 (p < 0.05) (Figure 6F), and CCL2 (p < 0.05) (Figure 6G), but not MMP3 (p > 0.05) (Figure 6H).