This separation was driven by elevated CD3+ T cells (both CD4+ T helper and CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells), CD19+ B cells, NKT cells, as well as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in COPD lungs, and in donor lungs by increased macrophages (CD14hiCD1a+HLA−) and classical monocytes (Figure 1C). This evidence concerns the gene CD19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.