Hypertension, chest infection, frailty, and preoperative heart failure were identified as independent risk factors (OR > 1, P < 0.05), while higher body mass index (BMI), red blood cell (RBC) count at admission, platelet count at admission, and albumin level at admission were protective factors (OR < 1, P < 0.05). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is bronchitis.