However, other data indicate CLDN1 is generally pro-metastatic in CRC: patients with high CLDN1 have more aggressive disease (141), and experimentally, stable shRNA suppression of CLDN1 in highly metastatic CRC cells significantly inhibited their metastatic ability in a mouse spleen-to-liver metastasis mode (55). This evidence concerns the gene CLDN1 and colorectal carcinoma.