MAPT and Alzheimer disease: In AD treatment, bone marrow BMSC‐exos significantly reduced the levels of Aβ1‐42, phosphorylated tau, and pro‐inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) by lateral ventricle injection, while upregulating synaptic proteins and BDNF expression to achieve the dual effects of neuroprotection and synaptic remodeling [161, 162].