INS and Hypoglycemia: Meanwhile, 4-hydroxyisoleucine enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells without affecting basal insulin levels, by promoting the translocation of the GLUT4 to cell membranes, 4-hydroxyisoleucine also facilitates glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, promoting more physiological insulin release patterns and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia (137).