TG and hypothyroidism: Iodine is a micronutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurodevelopment, and it is well known that in areas of severe and chronic iodine deficiency, hypothyroidism can occur in both mothers and fetuses from the early stages of pregnancy, leading to irreversible brain damage, mental retardation, and neurological abnormalities (23).