Immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of HCC, but the response rate was limited.3 Whereas TLSs in tumor tissues have been recently proven to promote immunotherapy response in previous studies,11,29 therefore we proposed the hypothesis that VEGF-C might increase the response of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The gene discussed is VEGFC; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.