VEGFC and hepatocellular carcinoma: The orthotopic HCC mouse models were established with Hepa1-6 cells carrying the luciferase reporter gene (Hepa1-6-luc-GFP), and based on the treatments, the animals were divided into 4 groups: Isotype, Isotype + VEGF-C, Anti-PD-1, Anti-PD-1 + VEGF-C (Fig. 6a).