OLIG2 and glioma: To investigate whether PAI-1 and autophagy inhibition influences stem-like properties of distinct populations of glioma cells, GSC, which grow in 3D spheroids, were treated and assessed in comparison with their adherent, or 2D monolayer, counterparts for changes in markers of stemness, such as Nestin, Olig2, and S100B [43, 44].