Out of the nine protein markers associated with IMD, frailty, and ASCVD in TwinsUK, four were also associated with a higher risk of ASCVD in an independent cohort of 57 women with knee OA from the Nottingham OA study, including TNFSF14, HGF, CDCP1 and CCL11 (FDR < 0.1) (Fig. 3B and Supplementary Table 3). The gene discussed is HGF; the disease is atherosclerosis.