For example, skin fibroblasts from patients with ALS have been successfully transdifferentiated into human-induced motor neurons using a lentiviral vector to deliver the transcription factors NGN2, ISL1, SOX11, and LHX3, along with a T2A (ribosomal-skipping) peptide.508 This method reportedly transdifferentiated >84% of ALS fibroblasts into cervical and thoracic spinal motor neurons. The gene discussed is ISL1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.