CD40 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: MR analysis showed that TGFB1 and CCL11 were positively correlated with NSCLC risk (OR = 1.173, p = 0.020; OR = 1.192, p = 0.003), while CD40 and CCL4 demonstrated protective effects (OR = 0.857, p = 0.015; OR = 0.896, p = 0.049).