NRAS and melanoma: Consistent with previous reports (Duggan et al, 2017; Poulikakos Poulikos I et al, 2011), significant splicing alterations were identified in kinases of the canonical MAPK cascade, including the oncogenes BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS, which might potentially contribute to MAPKi resistance in melanoma (Appendix Figs. S5 and S6).