SOD1 and selenium deficiency: Selenium deficiency increases oxidative stress and increases inflammatory marker expression (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-12, IL10, PTGE, and NF-κB) and reduces the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px) (Prabhu et al, 2002; Xu et al, 2020; Zamamiri-Davis et al, 2002) in macrophages in vitro.