Subgroups were categorized by age (< 60 years old or ≥ 60 years old), sex, race, education level, BMI (< 25, 25–29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m2), history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, smoking status, alcohol intake, PIR (< 1.3, 1.3–3.0, and ≥ 3.0), and CKM stage. Here, CKM is linked to diabetes mellitus.