Calycosin is used to alleviate myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in vivo and inhibit TGF-β1-induced CFs proliferation and collagen deposition by inhibiting TGFBR1 pathway in vitro (Chen G. et al., 2022), while formononetin is demonstrated to reverse the decrease of ALDH2 mRNA and HADH mRNA expression and the increase of MOAB in cardiomyocytes after ISO treatment, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, and alleviate cardiac fibrosis (Qian et al., 2024). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.