Co-delivery of complementary agents—such as anti-angiogenic drugs (e.g., bevacizumab), immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), or gene-silencing molecules (e.g., siRNAs targeting MGMT or VEGF)—could synergistically target multiple components of the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.