It is important to note that some patients may develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after GDM, and the accompanying metabolic syndrome (such as obesity and dyslipidemia) may further exacerbate the risk of breast cancer by altering adipose factors (such as imbalances in the leptin/adiponectin ratio) (57, 63). This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and type 2 diabetes mellitus.