VCP and Alzheimer disease: MEbrown was enriched in neuron- and proteostasis-related proteins, including disease-associated proteins such as APOE and VCP (linked to AD and frontotemporal dementia), while MEgreen was enriched in mitochondrial proteins (e.g., NDUFA4, NDUFB11, NDUFS8, and CYC1) involved in the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation (Extended Data Fig. 7e–g and Supplementary Table 8).