TRPV1 and acute pancreatitis: Recent studies have indicated that TRPV1 activation may contribute to β-cell dysfunction and acute pancreatitis, whereas TRPV1 antagonists restore SP/CGRP expression levels, increase the islet area, reduce pancreatic β-cell vacuolization, decrease proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β) release, and increase anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion (102).