CD4 and rheumatoid arthritis: Synovial membranes in RA patients demonstrate pronounced infiltration of aberrantly activated CD4+ T lymphocytes that drive robust secretion of inflammatory mediators (23).Comparative analysis reveals distinct metabolic reprogramming in RA T-cell subsets: CD8+ T lymphocytes from RA patients demonstrate significantly upregulated glycolysis- and fatty acid synthesis-related gene expression alongside suppressed oxidative phosphorylation pathways compared to healthy donor counterparts, with concurrent elevation of lactate dehydrogenase levels (24).