A similar trend was observed in HepG2 cells, where TREM1 silencing led to a significant (p < 0.001) upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as BAX and CASP3, along with downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes including BIRC3 and BAG1 (Supplementary Figures 5A, B).These findings suggest that TREM1 functions as a vital regulator of cell survival in HCC by suppressing apoptosis and promoting proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Here, CASP3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.