ARG1 and neoplasm: Functionally, TA-MSCs from gastric cancer [93] and esophageal carcinoma [71] more effectively promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo while TA-MSCs from pancreatic cancer uniquely induce alternatively activated macrophage polarization by promoting Arg1 expression [26].