Neutrophils are functionally reprogrammed by TA-MSCs through IL-6-STAT3-ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis inhibition and pro-tumor activation in gastric cancer [204], while myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are expanded by TA-MSCs via CXCL5/NO/GM-CSF secretion in lung cancer models [205]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.