Soluble factors from tumor cells, including lysophosphatidic acid [142–144], CXCL16 [140], Wnt7a [138], osteopontin [145], HOXA9 [139], and EVs [146–150], are involved in promoting MSC trans-differentiation into CAF-like cells via various signaling pathways such as TGF-β/Smad, miRNAs, STAT3, MAPK, and integrins. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.