CKD denotes chronic kidney disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes; SD, standard deviation; SGLT2, sodium glucose transport-2; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; MRA, mineral corticoid antagonists; DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1. Here, REN is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.